Basic Physical components of A Computer

 Input devices

We :can give inputs :to a computer with :the input devices. :There are :a lot of input :devices.

1. :Keyboard

2. Pointing: devices.

·      :Mouse

·      :Touch screen

·      :Joystick

·      :Light pen

3. Imaging: And: video :Input devices

·      :Digital camera

·      :Webcam

·      :Closed circuit TV(CCTV)

4. :Scanners

·      Flatbed scanners

·      Barcode reader

·      Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR)

·      Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

·      Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)

5. :Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

6. :Microphone:

Output Devices

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into a human-readable form.

We can divide output devices into main three parts

• Soft copy
• Hard copy
• Sound

Soft copy

We can only get the non-touchable digital format of the information with these devices.

1. Monitor / Screen

· Cathode ray tube (CRT)

· Liquid crystal display (LCD)

· Light emitting diode (LED)

 2. Multimedia projector

Hard Copy

Devices that give output on printed paper or any other permanent human-readable and touchable media.

1. Printers

· Impact printers

        1. Dot matrix printer

        2. Line printer

· Non-impact printers

       1. Laser printer

       2. Inkjet printer

       3. Thermal printer

      4. Plotter

Sounds

Devices that, Give the output as sounds.

1. Speakers

2. Headphones

Central Processing unit (CPU)

The main :component of the computer is the :CPU. CPU is called the :brain of a computer. CPU manages the :operating system and Application software.

We can divide the CPU into main three units

1. Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU)

2. Control unit (CU)

3. Memory registers

Computer Memories

We can divide this into two.

1. Primary memory

       · Random access memory (RAM)

       · Read-only memory (ROM)

       · Cache memory

2. Secondary memory

Primary Memory

Primary memory is also known as main :memory or may also refer to as :“Internal memory.” and primary storage. All :those types of computer memories :that are directly accessed by the: processor using a data bus are called :primary memory. That :allows a processor to access :stores running programs and currently :processed data that are stored in a :memory location.

Random access memory (RAM)

RAM is :the internal memory of the :CPU for storing data,: programs, and program :results. It is a read/write :memory that stores data: until the machine is working. :As soon as the :machine is: switched off, data is :erased.

Read-only memory (ROM)

ROM is a type of storage medium that permanently stores data on personal computers and other electronic devices.

Cache Memory

Cache memory is a small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to a processor and stores frequently used computer programs, applications and data

Secondary Memory

The secondary memory is accessed indirectly via input/output operations. This memory is additionally referred to as permanent, external, stable or persistent memory. it's characterized by its slowness and cheapness, relative to the RAM, and by its permanent look.
1. Hard disk

2. Solid state drive (SSD)

3. CD/DVD

4. USB Flash drive

5. Memory card